Surgical cannula with removable pressure seal

ABSTRACT

A surgical cannula includes a seal structure including a one-way check valve and a cannula body. The cannula body includes an insertion portion having a distal opening that is configured to be inserted into tissue, and a receiving portion that includes a proximal opening and is configured to reversibly receive the seal structure. In addition, the seal structure is configured to removably associate with the proximal opening of the cannula body, retain a positive pressure within the cannula body when engaged with the cannula body, and retain a positive pressure within the cannula body when an object is inserted through the cannula and the seal structure. Also, the cannula further includes one or more suture attachment structures extending outward laterally from the cannula body; and one or more internal recesses in an inner wall of the cannula located directly adjacent to the one or more suture attachment structures.

CROSS-CITATION OF RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/173,531, filed Feb. 11, 2021, and entitled “Surgical Cannula withRemovable Pressure Seal,” which claims priority to U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 62/972,897, filed Feb. 11, 2020, and entitled “Cannulawith Removable Pressure Seal.” The entire disclosure of each of theapplications mentioned above is incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to the field of surgical cannulas thatmay be temporarily inserted into living tissue. Cannulas may be usedduring surgery to introduce tools or substrates into a human or animalbody.

BACKGROUND

Surgical cannulas are generally well-known in the art of arthroscopicsurgery. For example, various types of cannulas are used to control theinflow or outflow of fluids, to allow access for tools into the tissue,and for other functions. In some types of surgeries, a graft or othersubstrate material may be introduced into a surgical site. Additionally,many arthroscopic surgeries, such as joint surgeries, use pressurizedirrigation fluid to keep tissue separated apart from other tissue. Inparticular, pressurized irrigation fluid may be used to aid invisualization of the surgical site as well as to prevent bleeding fromvasculature surrounding the surgical cuts. Other types of surgeries,such as gastrointestinal procedures, use pressurized gas to provideaccess to and visualization of the surgical site.

Accordingly, there is a need in the art for cannulas that address theneed to serve these several functions during an arthroscopic surgery.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

In one aspect, the disclosure provides a surgical cannula comprising: aseal structure including at least one valve; and a cannula body,including: an insertion portion having a distal opening that isconfigured to be inserted into tissue, and a receiving portion thatincludes a proximal opening and is configured to reversibly receive theseal structure; wherein the seal structure is configured to removablyassociate with the proximal opening of the cannula body; and wherein theseal structure is configured to retain a positive pressure within thecannula body when engaged with the cannula body, and the seal structureis configured to retain a positive pressure within the cannula body whenan object is inserted through the cannula and the seal structure.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides a surgical cannulacomprising: a seal structure including a first valve and a second valve;and a cannula body, including: an insertion portion that includes adistal opening and is configured to be inserted into tissue, and areceiving portion that includes a proximal opening and is configured toreversibly receive the seal structure; wherein the seal structurereversibly covers the proximal opening of the cannula body; wherein theseal structure is configured to retain a positive pressure within thecannula body when an object is inserted through the cannula.

In another aspect, this disclosure provides a surgical cannulacomprising: a seal structure including at least one valve; and a cannulabody, including an insertion portion that includes a distal opening andis configured to be inserted into tissue, and a receiving portion thatincludes a proximal opening and is configured to reversibly receive theseal structure; wherein the seal structure is configured to retain apositive pressure within the cannula body when an object is insertedthrough the cannula and the seal structure; and wherein the cannula bodyfurther includes one or more suture attachment structures configured tohold a suture so as to anchor the cannula to tissue into which theinsertion portion has been inserted.

Other systems, methods, features, and advantages of the disclosure willbe, or will become, apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art uponexamination of the following figures and detailed description. It isintended that all such additional systems, methods, features, andadvantages be included within this description and this summary, bewithin the scope of the disclosure, and be protected by the followingclaims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention can be better understood with reference to the followingdrawings and description. The components in the figures are notnecessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustratingthe principles of the invention. Moreover, in the figures, likereference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout thedifferent views.

FIG. 1 is a perspective top view of a first embodiment of a surgicalcannula in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the first embodiment ofa surgical cannula in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a perspective bottom view of the first embodiment of asurgical cannula in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a first surgical procedure thatinvolves the use of a surgical cannula in accordance with thisdisclosure;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the first embodiment of a surgicalcannula with the removable top separated from the cannula body;

FIG. 6 is another perspective view of the surgical cannula with theremovable top separated from the cannula body;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a second surgical procedure thatinvolves the use of a surgical cannula in accordance with thisdisclosure;

FIG. 8 is a perspective top view of a second embodiment of a surgicalcannula in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the several subcomponents making up thesecond embodiment of a surgical cannula in accordance with thisdisclosure;

FIG. 10 is a perspective top view of the second embodiment of a surgicalcannula with the removable top secured to the cannula;

FIG. 11 is a perspective bottom view of the second embodiment of asurgical cannula with the removable top secured to the cannula;

FIG. 12 is a first perspective cross-sectional view of the secondembodiment of a surgical cannula in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a second perspective cross-sectional view of the secondembodiment of a surgical cannula in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a perspective top view of a third embodiment of a surgicalcannula in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 15 is a side view of the third embodiment of a surgical cannula inaccordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 16 is a first side exploded view of the several subcomponents ofthe third embodiment of a surgical cannula in accordance with thisdisclosure;

FIG. 17 is a second side exploded view of the several subcomponents ofthe third embodiment of a surgical cannula in accordance with thisdisclosure, and a tool used in conjunction with the cannula;

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the third embodiment of a surgicalcannula in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 19 is a perspective top view of a fourth embodiment of a surgicalcannula in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the fourth embodiment of a surgicalcannula in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 21 is a perspective bottom view of the fourth embodiment of asurgical cannula in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 22 is an perspective cross-sectional view of the fourth embodimentof a surgical cannula in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of a surgicalcannula in accordance with this disclosure;

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of the fifth embodiment of a surgicalcannula with a tool therein;

FIG. 25 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the fifth embodiment ofa surgical cannula with the tool therein;

FIG. 26 is a second perspective cross-sectional view of the fifthembodiment of a surgical cannula with the tool therein;

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of the fifth embodiment of a surgicalcannula with the seal structure removed from the receiving portion ofthe cannula body;

FIG. 28 is a top perspective view of the fifth embodiment of a surgicalcannula with the seal structure and tether entirely removed from thecannula body; and

FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the fifth embodiment ofa surgical cannula with the seal structure removed from the cannulabody.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Broadly disclosed are surgical cannulas that include a removable sealstructure that retains pressure inside the cannula. Such a cannula maybe used during arthroscopic surgery to both provide an inlet forarthroscopic tools, and also act as a port to allow introduction of agraft substrate into the surgical site.

Generally, a cannula may broadly refer to a tube that can be insertedinto the body, and used for the delivery or extraction of fluid or othermaterials. Surgical cannulas may generally include intravenous cannulas,nasal cannulas, or surgical cannulas.

In particular, this disclosure is directed to surgical cannulas that mayretain pressurized fluid (liquid or gas) within a surgical site when aseal structure is engaged on the cannula, while also allowing removal ofthe seal structure in order to permit larger items, such as tissuegrafts, to be introduced through the cannula.

For example, FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a cannula in accordancewith this disclosure. Cannula 100 may include cannula body portion 102that includes an insertion portion 120, a receiving portion 128, and ataper portion 126 between the two. Insertion portion 120 may include adistal opening 124 in the cannula. Insertion portion 120 may beconfigured to be inserted into tissue, such as a human body or an animalbody, and may be generally cylindrical in shape. Insertion portion 120may also include threads 122 on an exterior surface thereof.

Threads 122 may secure cannula 100 in the tissue, and may allow moreaccurate placement of the cannula 100 within the tissue by allowing auser to increase or decrease the depth to which the cannula is insertedinto the tissue by rotating the cannula 100.

Cannula 100 may also include a seal structure 104. Seal structure 104may engage with receiving portion 128. Seal structure 104 may include avalve 106. In some embodiments, valve 106 may be a tricuspid valve, asshown in FIG. 1 . A tricuspid valve, as is generally known in the art,is a one-way valve made up of three flaps that come together at a singlepoint. Valve 106 may therefore retain fluidic pressure inside cannulabody 102 when cannula 100 is used in a surgical procedure.

Seal structure 104 may also include top portion 108 and side portion110. Finally, seal structure 104 may also include tether 114 that mayconnect seal structure 104 to cannula body portion 102 when sealstructure is not engaged with receiving portion 128.

FIG. 2 shows cannula 100 in further detail. FIG. 2 shows across-sectional view of cannula 100. As shown in this view, cannula body102 may be hollow so as to allow passage of tools or tissue through thecannula 100 from a proximal end to a distal end 124. Namely, insertionportion 120 of cannula body 102 may be a hollow cylinder of a firstgauge (diameter), receiving portion 128 of cannula body 102 may be ahollow cylinder of a second gauge (diameter) that is larger than thefirst gauge, and taper portion 126 may taper in gauge between the two.

Seal structure 104 may also include side portion 110 that engages withlip 129 on cannula body portion 102 to engage a seal between sealstructure 104 and cannula body portion 102. Lip 129 may cause sealstructure 104 to be securely, but reversibly, retained against cannulabody portion 102.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , seal structure 104 may include firstvalve 106 and also second valve 107. The use of two such valves may evenbetter ensure that pressure is retained inside cannula 100 duringsurgical use. In some embodiments, first valve 106 may be a tricuspidvalve and second valve 107 may also be a tricuspid valve, as shown inFIG. 2 . In some embodiments, other types of valves may be used. Otherembodiments discussed herein utilize duckbill valves. In some cases,such a duckbill valve may be utilized in the embodiment shown in FIGS.1-7 (e.g., substituted for one or both of the tricuspid valves).

First valve 106 and second valve 107 may be separated by a void 109defined by seal sidewalls 105. Void 109 may catch any seepage of apressurized fluid from taper portion 126 and insertion portion 120 thatescapes past second valve 107, while first valve 106 may still ensure noliquid escapes to outside of the cannula.

FIG. 2 also shows tether 114 in greater detail. Namely, tether 114 mayinclude arm portion 116 that connects to top portion 108 of sealstructure 104 at one end of arm portion 116. Arm portion 116 may thenconnect to ring portion 118 that encircles one end of insertion portion120 of the cannula body 102. In this way, tether 114 may connect sealstructure 104 to cannula body portion 102 even when seal structure 104is not engaged with receiving portion 126.

Also as shown in FIG. 2 , seal structure 104 may be a continuous unitarypiece of a single material. In some embodiments, seal structure 104 maybe made of continuous silicone material.

FIG. 3 shows cannula 100 from a perspective bottom view. In this view,FIG. 3 shows how cannula 100 looks when seal structure 104 is engagedwith receiving portion 128. Namely, second valve 107 is adjacent totaper portion 126 so as to retain any pressurized fluid within asurgical site that may flow upward into insertion portion 120 and taperportion 126.

Also shown in FIG. 3 is tab portion 112 that may be connected to sideportion 110 of top portion 108 of seal structure 104. Tab portion 112may allow a user to easily and conveniently remove seal structure 104from engagement with cannula body portion 102. For example, a surgeonmay remove seal structure 104 from cannula body portion 102 by graspingtab 112 and pulling on tab 112 until side portion 110 no longer engageswith lip 129 (see FIG. 2 for connection between side portion 110 and lip129).

FIG. 4 shows one example of how a cannula in accordance with thisdisclosure may be used during a surgical procedure. In the embodimentshown in FIG. 4 , a surgeon 202 may operate a tool 204 that is insertedthrough cannula 100, which has been inserted into a patient 208 atsurgical site 206. Accordingly, this disclosure also provides methods ofperforming arthroscopic surgery using the cannula devices disclosedherein.

The cross section of surgical site 206 shown in FIG. 4 shows how thecannula is used during a surgical procedure in greater detail. Namely,insertion portion 120 of cannula 100 may be partially implanted into thepatient's tissue using threads 122. Cannula 100 may be introduced intothe tissue by first making an incision 220 into skin tissue 210 andmuscle tissue 212 such that distal end 124 will be located adjacent tothe desired surgical site 226. In the embodiment shown, the surgicalprocedure may be a rotator cuff surgery. In this embodiment, desiredsurgical site 226 may be where rotator cuff muscle and ligaments 216attach to the humoral head 218 at the subacromial space.

In order to perform such a surgery, a pressurized liquid 214 may be usedto inflate and visualize the surgical site 226. Pressurized liquid 214may be clear saline, for example. Also referred to as an irrigationfluid, pressurized liquid 214 may be an isotonic solution that is usedto enable visualization and also prevent bleeding from vasculaturesurrounding the surgical site 226. Pressurized liquid 214 may be at apressure of around 20-30 mmHg. In some cases, debris or blood may cloudthe pressurized fluid. In such cases, the pressurized fluid may beflushed. In doing so, the pressure and flow of the fluid may be raisedsignificantly. Accordingly, in order to withstand such elevatedpressures, in some embodiments, the disclosed seal of the cannula may beconfigured to sustain pressures up to about 140 mmHg.

Cannula 100 may allow surgeon 202 to introduce tool 204 into thesurgical site 226 while retaining fluid 214 under pressurization. Tool204 may include tool shaft 222 that extends through cannula 100 and endsat tool tip 224. Namely, tool shaft 222 may extend through first valve106 and second valve 107 which conform around tool shaft 222 such thatpressurization 230 of the pressurized liquid 214 is contained within thesurgical site 226 as well as within the insertion portion 120 and taperportion 126 of cannula 100. In this way, seal structure 104 may beconfigured to retain a positive pressure 230 within the cannula bodywhen a tool 204 is inserted through the cannula 100.

FIG. 5 next shows cannula 100 when seal structure 104 is not engagedwith cannula body portion 102. As mentioned, tether 114 may keep sealstructure 104 attached to cannula body portion 102 even when sealstructure 104 is not engaged with body portion 102. Also shown in FIG. 5is proximal opening 125 in receiving portion 128 that is locatedopposite distal opening 124 in insertion portion 120. Proximal opening125 may be surrounded by lip 129, which engages with side portion 110 ofseal structure 104, as mentioned above. Seal structure 104 may thereforecover proximal opening 125 when seal structure 104 is engaged withcannula body portion 102.

The embodiment in FIG. 5 may also include ridges 130, 132 on sealsidewalls 105 that further ensure a tight (but reversible) fit betweenseal structure 104 and receiving portion 128. As shown in FIGS. 2, 3,and 5 , in this embodiment, seal sidewalls 105 engage with an interiorsurface of receiving portion 128. Ridges 130, 132 may therefore abutinterior surface of receiving portion 128 in order to form a seal thatretains pressure.

FIG. 6 shows the embodiment of FIG. 5 from another angle, in order toshow additional details of seal structure 104. Namely, second valve 107may be disposed on a bottom side of seal structure 104 such that secondvalve 107 may be inserted into receiving portion 128 so as to be locatedat the most distal end of receiving portion 128.

Also shown in FIG. 6 is tether 114. Tether 114 may include arm portion116 that connects seal structure side portion 110 with ring portion 118.Ring portion 118 may encircle cannula body 104 at a nearest end ofinsertion portion 120.

Thus, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 , seal structure 104 may be reversiblyengaged with cannula body portion 102 and thus may be removed afterengagement with cannula body portion 102.

FIG. 7 shows another surgical procedure 300, and how cannula 100 may beused when the seal structure is removed from the cannula body portion.Namely, in this embodiment, surgeon 302 may perform surgery on a patient308 at the patient's knee 306 through an insertion 320 in the patient'sskin 210 and through tissue 312 surrounding the surgical site. At thestage of the surgery shown, a graft substrate 340 is ready to beintroduced into the surgical site 326. This would typically occur aftera surgical site 226/326 has been prepared through one or more stepsinvolving the use of tools at the surgical site as shown in FIG. 4 . Inthis way, a method of performing arthroscopic surgery in accordance withthis disclosure may include delivering a sheet-like implant 340 throughthe cannula 100 to the surgical site, and securing the sheet-likeimplant 340 to tissue 316 at the surgical site 326.

In the stage of surgery shown in FIG. 7 , pressurized liquid 314 is influidic communication with the entire interior of cannula 100. Namely,because seal structure 104 has been removed, pressurized liquid 314 mayexpand up into insertion portion 120, taper portion 126, and receivingportion 128 as shown. Tool 304 may then be attached to proximal opening125 of cannula 100 and used to introduce graft sheet-life substrate 340into the interior of the cannula 100 and allow graft substrate 340 totravel down the length of cannula 100 to surgical site 326 along path342. Tool 304 may include aspects for maintaining pressurized liquid 314under pressure 330 during this surgical step. For example, tool 304 mayinclude one or more sealing structures on the shaft of tool 304. Suchsealing structures may seal the cannula during the insertion of thegraft.

In this way, cannula 100 may be configured so as to allow a graftsubstrate 340 to travel through it. Namely, cannula 100 may be ofsufficient size to allow graft substrate 340 to fit therein. The gaugeof the various cannula sections may differ depending on the size of thepatient and the type of surgery for which it is used. In addition, therelative proportions of the gauges of the different portions of thecannula may differ.

However, in particular embodiments, the second gauge of receivingportion 128 being larger than the first gauge of insertion portion 120may advantageously help the sheet-like graft substrate 340 (and anysupporting structures that may aid in the place of the graft substrate340) roll itself up as it passes along cannula body portion 102 fromproximal opening 125 to distal opening 124. Namely, the shape of taperportion 126 may cause the graft substrate 340 to roll up—and therebyassume a configuration that is advantageous for placement for attachmentto the patient's tissue 316 t. The relative size of the gauges of thevarious sections of cannula body portion 102 may thereforeadvantageously aid in the accomplishment of the purpose for which thecannula 100 is to be used.

Subsequently, after the graft substrate 340 is successfully inserted,seal structure 104 may be re-engaged with cannula body portion. Then,surgical tools may again be introduced into the surgical site (in orderto manipulate the graft substrate 340 and attached it where needed) asshown in FIG. 4 . In this way, a single surgical cannula 100 may bothallow for the introduction of tools into a surgical site under apressurized liquid, and also allow introduction of a graft substrateinto the surgical site.

FIG. 8 shows a second embodiment of a cannula 400 in accordance withthis disclosure. Cannula 400 may include some features that aresubstantially similar to features in the first embodiment of cannula 100discussed above. Namely, cannula 400 may include cannula body portion402 that includes insertion portion 420 and receiving portion 428.Insertion portion 420 may include distal opening 424 and threads 422.Receiving portion 428 may include proximal opening 425. Cannula 400 mayalso include seal structure 404. Seal structure 404 may include sidesurface 410, first valve 406, and housing cover 408.

In the particular embodiment shown in FIG. 8 , cannula 400 may alsoinclude first wing structure 440 and second wing structure 442. Each offirst wing structure 440 and second wing structure 442 may extendlaterally outward from cannula body 402 and upward so as to latch ontohousing cover 408. Namely, housing cover 408 may include first notch 444that is configured to receive first wing structure 440. Housing cover408 may also include second notch 446 that is configured to receivesecond wing structure 442.

Additionally, first wing structure 440 and second wing structure 442 mayalso act as suture attachment structures. Namely, during surgery a usermay choose to anchor cannula 400 to the tissue through which it isinserted by suturing one or more suture attachment structures to thetissue. Namely, sewing a thread of suture 441 around the sutureattachment structure and through the tissue such that the suture holdsthe cannula 400 in place. In this way, a cannula 400 in accordance withthis disclosure may include one or more suture attachment structuresthat may be configured to hold a suture so as to anchor the cannula tothe tissue into which the insertion portion 420 of the cannula 400 hasbeen inserted.

FIG. 9 shows an exploded view of the several components that may make upcannula 400. Namely, cannula 400 may include: cannula body portion 402that includes first wing structure 440 and second wing structure 442,lower housing portion 450, a first attachment screw 456, a secondattachment screw 458, first valve 406, a second valve 407, and housingcover 408.

In this particular embodiment, lower housing portion 450 may includeseal side surface 410, first flange hole 452, and second flange hole454.

First valve 406 may be a tricuspid valve as discussed with respect toother embodiments above.

Second valve 407 may, in some embodiments, be a duckbill valve. Aduckbill valve, as is generally known, is a type of one-way valve thathas two “lips” 462 in the shape of a duck's bill that come together toform a seal. Generally, the two lips in a duckbill valve may bend openwhen pressure is applied from one direction, but not from the other.Duckbill valves may therefore act as a self-contained check valve.Second valve 407 may also include rim portion 460 that may allow secondvalve 407 to be held in place between lower housing portion 450 andhousing cover 408.

Housing cover 408 may include: first cover hole 466, second cover hole468, first notch 444, second notch 446, and access hole 464. First coverhole 466 and second cover hole 468 may be located on opposite sides ofhousing cover from each other, as may be first notch 444 and secondnotch 446. First cover hole 466 may be adjacent to first notch 444, andsecond cover hole 468 may be adjacent to second notch 446.

Additionally, first attachment screw 456 and second attachment screw 458may secure lower housing portion 450 to housing cover 408, in such a waythat first valve 406 and second valve 407 are contained therein. Namely,first attachment screw 456 may extend through first flange hole 452 onlower housing portion 450 into first cover hole 466 in housing cover408. Similarly, second attachment screw 458 may extend through secondflange hole 454 on lower housing portion 450 into second cover hole 468in housing cover 408.

In other embodiments, lower housing portion 450 and housing cover 408may be attached to each other by attachment means other than screws,such as ultrasonic welding or other types of thermal bonding, adhesive,or any other suitable fixation modality.

FIG. 10 shows another view of cannula 400. In this view, seal structure404 is engaged with cannula body 402. In this configuration, sealstructure 404 is latched into place by first wing structure 440 andsecond wing structure 442. Namely, first wing structure 440 may includefirst diagonal portion 470 that extends outward from cannula body 402and upwards towards proximal opening 425 (note: proximal opening 425 iscovered by seal structure 404 in FIG. 10 ), first vertical portion 472that extends upward toward proximal opening 425, and first latch portion474 that engages first notch 444 on housing cover 408. Second wingstructure 442 may similarly include second diagonal portion 476, secondvertical portion 478, and second latch portion 480 that engages withsecond notch 446 on housing cover 408. First wing structure 440 andsecond wing structure 442 may be disposed on opposite sides of cannulabody 402.

When seal structure 404 is engaged with cannula body 402, side surface410 may be located on the outside of receiving portion 428 of cannulabody 402 and surround it.

FIG. 11 shows a bottom isometric view of cannula 400 when seal structure404 is engaged with receiving portion 428 of cannula body 402. This viewfurther shows how first attachment screw 456 and second attachment screw458 may secure lower housing portion 450 to housing cover 408.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of cannula 400. This cross-sectionalview shows additional details of an embodiment where first attachmentscrew 456 and second attachment screw 458 extend upward through firstflange hole 452 and second flange hole 454, and into first cover hole466 and second cover hole 468. As a result, lower housing portion 450and housing cover 408 hold first valve 406 and second valve 407 inplace. Also shown is void 409 between first valve 406 and second valve407.

In particular, FIG. 12 further shows how first wing structure 440 andsecond wing structure 442 reversibly hold seal structure 404 in place.Namely, first wing structure 440 and second wing structure 442 aresemi-rigid, and are biased into a position that hold latch portions 474,480 into notches 444, 446 when seal structure 404 is engaged ontocannula body 402. However, first wing structure 440 and second wingstructure 442 may be partially flexible in an outward lateral directionas shown by arrows, that allows latch portions 474, 480 to slide off ofnotches 444, 446. In this way, seal structure 404 may be disengaged andremoved from cannula body 402 in an alternative manner. First wingstructure 440 and second wing structure 442 may be configured such thata surgeon may disengage seal structure 404 with an outward motion of athumb and forefinger, thereby allowing ease of use during surgery.Non-rotational disengagement may be preferred in some situations, forexample where an instrument remains inserted through the cannula.

Next, FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional view with further structure ofsecond valve 407. Namely, second valve 407 may be a duckbill valve thatincludes void 409 between second valve 407 and first valve 406. Secondvalve 407 may include first lip 490 and second lip 492 that cometogether at seam 494. When pressure is exerted on second valve 407downward from the direction of first valve 406, first lip 490 and secondlip 492 may part from each other as shown by the arrows in FIG. 13 .However, in contrast, pressure exerted on second valve 407 upward fromthe direction of insertion portion 420 and distal opening 424 will notcause lips 490, 492 to part. Therefore, pressurized liquid will beretained within cannula body 402.

It will be noted that the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8-13 may alsoinclude a tether, such as shown and discussed with respect to theembodiment shown in FIGS. 1-7 .

FIG. 14 shows a third embodiment of a cannula 500 in accordance withthis disclosure. Cannula 500 shares many features with cannula 400 asdiscussed above, but also differs with respect to several features.Namely, cannula 500 includes first suture attachment flange 540including first eyelet 541 and second suture attachment flange 542including second eyelet 543. First suture attachment flange 540 andsecond suture attachment flange 542 may be located on taper section 526of cannula body 502, between insertion portion 520 and receiving portion528. Flanges 540, 542 may extend laterally outward from cannula body502. As discussed above with respect to first wing structure 440 andsecond wing structure 442, flanges 540, 542 may be used to anchorcannula 500 to tissue at an incision site by passing a thread of suturethrough one or more of eyelets 541, 542 and also through the skinproximate to the incision site.

Cannula 500 may also include retaining protrusion 591 on a side 510 ofretaining portion 528. Retaining protrusion 591 may be used to retainseal structure 504 on cannula body 502. Namely, seal structure mayinclude vertical cutout 593 and horizontal cutout 593. Retainingprotrusion 591 may have a width that is the same as a width of verticalcutout 593, and retaining protrusion 591 may have a height that is thesame as a height of horizontal cutout 595. In this way, retainingprotrusion 591 may be moved along vertical cutout 593 when cannula body502 and seal structure 504 are brought together. Then, retainingprotrusion 591 may be moved along horizontal cutout 595 by rotating sealstructure 504 as shown by the arrow in FIG. 14 . In this way, retainingprotrusion 591 may keep seal assembly 504 removably engaged with thereceiving portion 528 of cannula body 502.

FIG. 15 further shows features of cannula 500. Namely, in FIG. 15 , sealstructure 504 is engaged with cannula body 502 by the disposition ofretaining protrusion 591 within horizontal cutout 595. Seal structure504 may be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise in order to moveretaining protrusion 591 within horizontal cutout 595, so as todisengage seal structure 504 from cannula body 502.

FIG. 16 shows an exploded view of the several subcomponents that maymake up cannula 500. Namely, cannula 500 may include: cannula body 502that may include retaining protrusion 591, lower housing portion 550that may include vertical cutout 593 and horizontal cutout 595, firstvalve 506 which may be a tricuspid valve, second valve 507 which may bea duckbill valve, and housing cover 508.

FIG. 17 shows an exploded view of the several subcomponents that maymake up cannula 500, and also a tool 600. Tool 600 may be used during asurgical procedure, such as shown in FIG. 4 , in conjunction withcannula 500. Namely, tool 600 may extend through first valve 506 andsecond valve 507 so as to reach a surgical site inside a body. Firstvalve 506 and second valve 507 may retain a pressure seal against tool600, such that pressurized surgical irrigation fluid may be retainedwithin the surgical site while tool 600 is being used. Tool 600 isillustrated as an obturator. However, it will be noted that any ofvarious types of elongate tools may be utilized with the disclosedcannulas. For example, probes, grasps, and other tools including longshafts against which the disclosed valves may seal may be utilized withthe disclosed cannulas.

Next, FIG. 18 shows a cross-sectional view of cannula 500. This viewshows how cannula 500 may include first retaining protrusion 591 andalso second retaining protrusion 597. First retaining protrusion 591 mayalign with first vertical cutout 593 and first horizontal cutout 595 asdiscussed, while second retaining protrusion 597 may align with secondvertical cutout 599 and second horizontal cutout (not shown in FIG. 18).

First retaining protrusion 591 and second retaining protrusion 597 maybe located on opposite sides of cannula body 502 from each other. Inthis way, the two retaining protrusions 591, 597 may ensure a snug andtight fit between cannula body 502 and seal structure 504 that retainspressurized surgical liquid.

It will be noted that the embodiment shown in FIGS. 14-18 may alsoinclude a tether, such as shown and discussed with respect to theembodiment shown in FIGS. 1-7 .

A fourth embodiment of a surgical cannula in accordance with thisdisclosure is shown in FIGS. 19-22 . Namely, as shown in at least FIG.19 , surgical cannula 700 may include a cannula body 702 and a sealstructure 704. Cannula body 702 may be substantially similar to cannulabody 102, cannula body 402, and cannula body 502 as discussed above, insome respects. However, in other aspects, cannula body 702 may differfrom other embodiments disclosed herein, as discussed below.

In particular, cannula body 702 may include insertion portion 720,receiving portion 728, and taper portion 726 between insertion portion720 and receiving portion 728. Insertion portion 720 may be configuredto be inserted into tissue, such as a human body or an animal body, andmay be generally cylindrical in shape. Insertion portion 720 may alsoinclude threads 722 on an exterior surface thereof. Taper portion 726may be configured to roll up a graft upon insertion through the cannula,as described above.

Cannula body 702 may also include first suture attachment flange 740including first eyelet 741 and second suture attachment flange 742including second eyelet 743. First suture attachment flange 740 andsecond suture attachment flange 742 may be located on taper section 726of cannula body 702, between insertion portion 720 and receiving portion728, on laterally opposite sides of cannula body 702 from each other.Flanges 740, 742 may extend laterally outward from cannula body 702. Asdiscussed above, flanges 740, 742 may be used to anchor cannula 700 totissue at an incision site by passing a thread of suture through one ormore of eyelets 741, 742 and also through the skin of the patientproximate the cannula insertion site.

FIG. 19 also shows various details of seal structure 704. In particular,seal structure 704 may include a through-hole 706 on a top surface 708.Through-hole 706 may have a first diameter that is sufficiently large asto allow a tool such as obturator tool 600 (shown in FIG. 17 ) to passthrough and enter into the cannula 700. For example, in someembodiments, seal structure 704 may be made from an elastomericmaterial—such that through-hole 706 first diameter may be smaller thanthe diameter of a tool 600 and yet also stretch to expand to allow tool600 into the cannula 700. In this embodiment, top surface 708 may pressagainst tool 600 when it is inserted into through-hole 706 so as to forma seal around tool 600. This may advantageously allow seal structure 704to retain pressure within cannula 700 during use.

Seal structure 704 may also include tab portion 712. Tab portion 712 maybe connected to side portion 710 of seal structure 704. Tab portion 712may allow a user to easily and conveniently remove seal structure 704from engagement with cannula body portion 702 by grasping onto tabportion 712.

Seal structure 704 may also include tether 714. Tether 714 may connectseal structure 704 to cannula body portion 702 when seal structure 704is not engaged with receiving portion 728. Namely, when a user such as asurgeon removes seal structure 704 from cannula body portion 702 duringuse, tether 714 may ensure that seal structure 704 is not lost orotherwise distantly separated. Tether 714 may include ring 718 and arm716. Tether ring 718 may be configured to surround insertion portion 720of cannula body 702. Tether arm 716 may have sufficient length to allowseal structure 704 to be removed from cannula body 702 and located outof the way of a surgical procedure, when needed.

FIG. 20 shows a cross-sectional view of the fourth embodiment of asurgical cannula 700. This view shows how cannula body portion 702 mayinclude threads 722 that wrap around insertion portion 720, how firstsuture attachment flange 740 and second suture attachment flange 742 maybe disposed on opposite sides of taper portion 726 from each other, andhow receiving portion 728 may include several structures configured toengage with seal structure 704.

In particular, receiving portion 728 of cannula body 702 may include afirst retaining lip 732. First retaining lip 732 may be located adjacentto proximal opening 723 of cannula body 702. First retaining lip 732 mayalso include a sloped top surface 734. Sloped top surface 734 maytherefore result in first retaining lip 732 gradually increasing inwidth, as measured outward laterally from cannula body portion 702.Receiving portion 728 may also include a second retaining lip 736 thatalso extends outward laterally from receiving portion 728 of cannulabody portion 702. Second retaining lip may be located closer to distalopening 724 than first retaining lip 732. First retaining lip 732 andsecond retaining lip 736 may be located a small distance apart from eachother, so as to form a retaining groove 738 between them.

This configuration of first retaining lip 732, retaining groove 738, andsecond retaining lip 736 may allow seal structure 704 to reversiblyengage with cannula body portion 702 in such a way as to retain pressurewithin the surgical cannula 700 when in use. Specifically, sealstructure 704 may include a retaining hook structure 730 that extendslaterally inward from a sidewall 710 of the seal structure 704. Inparticular, retaining hook structure 730 may extend laterally inwardfrom an inner surface 711 of sidewall 710. In this way, retaining hookstructure 730 may slide past first retaining lip 732, and become lodgedin retaining groove 738 between first retaining lip 732 and secondretaining lip 736 when engaged. In some embodiments, seal structure 704may be comprised of an elastomeric material that bends or stretcheswithin some range—and in such embodiments, sidewall 710 may flexlaterally outward so as to allow retaining hook structure 730 to slidealong top surface 734 of first retaining lip 732 so as to becomereversibly engaged in retaining groove 738. In some embodiments, sealstructure 704 may be configured such that retaining hook structure 730extends below second retaining lip 736. In such configurations, havingthe two retaining lips may provide two separate seals with the innersurface 711 of seal structure 704.

FIG. 20 also shows how, in this embodiment, seal structure 704 mayfurther include a tricuspid valve 707. Tricuspid valve 707 may belocated in line with through-hole 706, so that a tool 600 may beinserted through both tricuspid valve 707 and through-hole 706 whencannula 700 is being used in a surgical procedure. Specifically, sealstructure 704 may include a cavity 709 that is created by top surface708, cavity sidewall 705, and bottom surface 717. Cavity 709 may beconfigured to retain pressure therein, and catch any seepage of apressurized fluid that may come through tricuspid valve 707 when thecannula 700 is in use.

In some embodiments, tricuspid valve 707 may have a second diameter thatis larger than first diameter of through-hole 706. Tricuspid valve 707may therefore allow a tool 600 to maneuver with some degree of lateralmovement while inserted through surgical cannula 700, as shown in FIG. 4and discussed above. In this way, smaller first diameter of through-hole706 may ensure an at least partial seal against tool 600 while valve 707(having larger second diameter) may create a second seal against thetool while still allowing the tool necessary movement. As a result,through-hole 706 and valve 707 may collectively ensure that pressure isretained within cannula 700 when in use.

Next, FIG. 21 shows a perspective bottom view of seal structure 704.Specifically, FIG. 21 shows additional details of the underside of theseal structure 704 and the related structures that allow seal structure704 to reversibly engage with cannula body portion 702 (FIG. 20 ).Namely, as shown in FIG. 21 , seal structure 704 may include tricuspidvalve 707 on bottom surface 717. Tricuspid valve 707 may thereforeextend downward into receiving portion 728, such that cavity sidewall705 may be adjacent to an inner surface of receiving portion 728 (asshown in FIG. 20 ). Receiving portion 728 may therefore be containedwithin opening 713, that is created between inner surface 711 ofsidewall 710 and cavity sidewall 705.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 21 , the seal structure 704 may beformed of a continuous unitary piece material. In some particularembodiments, seal structure 704 may be a unibody continuous piece of anelastomeric material.

Also shown in FIG. 21 is retaining hook structure 730—and how retaininghook structure 730 extends circumferentially around a bottom perimeterof sidewall 710. In such embodiments, retaining hook structure 730 maytherefore form a continuous seal around the entirety of receivingportion 728 of cannula body portion 702. This may advantageously allowseal structure 704 to retain pressure therein when in use in a surgicalprocedure.

FIG. 22 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of cannula body portion702. In this view, additional details of first retaining lip 732 andsecond retaining lip 736 are shown. Specifically, first retaining lip732 extends circumferentially around receiving portion 728. Secondretaining lip 736 may also similarly extend circumferentially aroundreceiving portion 728. In this way, retaining groove 738 may extendaround the entire circumference of cannula body portion 702 so as toallow retaining hook structure 730 to set therein. Again, as describedabove, in some embodiments, retaining hook structure 730 may be disposeddistally of second retaining lip 736 when the seal structure is engagedwith cannula body portion 702.

Additionally, FIG. 22 shows cannula receiving portion 728 top surface731. Top surface 731 may, in accordance with FIG. 20 , rest againstinner surface 715 (see FIG. 21 ) of seal structure 704 so as to furtherensure a proper seal is created between cannula body portion 702 andseal structure 704.

Next, a fifth embodiment of a surgical cannula is shown in FIGS. 23-29 .FIG. 23 shows a perspective view of a surgical cannula 800. Surgicalcannula 800 may include various features having similarities with theother embodiments of surgical cannulas discussed herein.

Specifically, surgical cannula 800 may include a cannula body 802 and aseal structure 804. Seal structure 804 may include tether 814, thatincludes tether ring 818, and tab portion 812. In this embodiment, sealstructure 804 may include through-hole 806 on top surface 808.Through-hole 806 may have a larger diameter than e.g. through-hole 706in order to accommodate different types of surgical tools. In someembodiments, diameter of through-hole 806 may be at least 50% of adiameter of top surface 808. Within through-hole 806, valve 807 iscontained inside seal structure 804.

Cannula body 802 may include threads 822 on an outer surface thereof, asshown. Cannula body 802 may also include distal opening 824 disposedopposite through-hole 806. Additionally, cannula body 802 may includefirst suture attachment flange 840 (with first eyelet 841 therein) andsecond suture attachment flange 842 (with second eyelet 843 therein).

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of the fifth embodiment of a surgicalcannula 800 with a tool 900 therein. As shown in FIG. 24 , tool 900 maybe an obturator. However, it will be understood that any various typesof elongated instruments may be inserted through cannula 800. Tool 900may be inserted into through-hole 806, extend along cannula body 802,and a portion 906 of tool 900 may extend out of distal opening 824. Toolhandle 902 may abut top surface 808 of seal structure 804 on surgicalcannula 800. In this way, tool 900 may be used during a surgicalprocedure by being inserted into surgical cannula 800. For example,cannula 800 may be inserted through tissue using tool (obturator) 900 tofacilitate the piercing of the tissue.

FIG. 25 is a perspective cross-sectional view of tool 900 as insertedinto surgical cannula 800. Namely, tool 900 shaft 904 may extend inthrough-hole 806, and through valve 807 such that valve 807 forms a sealaround tool shaft 904. In this way, valve 807 may separate fluidcontained within cannula body 802 during a surgical procedure from anouter area 809 exposed to outside air. Additionally, FIG. 25 also showshow in some embodiments the width of cannula body may vary alonginsertion portion 820. Namely, insertion portion 820 may have firstwidth 850 at one end of insertion portion 820 and second width 852 atdistal opening 852 that is the opposite end of insertion portion 820.First width 850 may be greater than second width 852.

FIG. 26 shows in particular how valve 807 may form a seal around tool900 shaft 904. In this embodiment, valve 807 may be a duckbill valve—andmay be similar to duckbill valve 507 discussed above with respect tosurgical cannula 500. Specifically, valve 507 may include first lip 890and second lip 892 that come together at seam 894. In this way, the twolips 890, 892 may form a seal around tool 900 as shaft 904 extendsthrough seam 894 and down through the remainder of cannula body 802until portion 906 extends out distal opening 824.

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of surgical cannula 800 with sealstructure 804 removed from cannula body 802. In this underside view ofseal structure 804, the structure of valve 807 may be seen in greaterdetail. That is, valve 807 includes first lip 890 and second lip 892that meet at seam 894. When no tool 900 is inserted into cannula 800,valve 807 in its resting position, as shown in FIG. 27 , forms a sealthat prevents liquid or air to pass through when seal structure 804 isinstalled onto cannula 800.

FIG. 28 is a top perspective view of surgical cannula 800 with sealstructure 804 entirely removed from cannula body 802. As discussed abovewith respect to other embodiments, seal structure 804 may include tether814 and tether ring 818 that are configured to secure seal structure 804to cannula body 802. In this way, a medical practitioner may use tabportion 812 to reversibly remove seal structure 804 from cannula body802 without losing track of seal structure 804, as may be necessaryduring a surgical procedure.

Finally, FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional perspective view of surgicalcannula 800 with seal structure 804 removed from cannula body 802. Inthis view, valve 807 is again clearly depicted as a duckbill valvehaving two lips 890, 892 that meet at seam 894. This figure also showshow seal structure 804 may be reversibly attached to cannula body usingretaining lip structures that may be substantially the same as discussedabove with respect to surgical cannula 700.

With respect to any embodiment discussed above, a cannula body portionin accordance with this disclosure may be substantially rigid. In someembodiments, the cannula body portion may be formed, at least in part,from a rigid material selected from the group consisting ofpolycarbonate and polypropylene.

While various embodiments are described, the description is intended tobe exemplary, rather than limiting and it will be apparent to those ofordinary skill in the art that many more embodiments and implementationsare possible that are within the scope of the disclosed embodiments.Although many possible combinations of features are shown in theaccompanying figures and discussed in this detailed description, manyother combinations of the disclosed features are possible. Any featureor element of any embodiment may be used in combination with orsubstituted for any other feature or element in any other embodimentunless specifically restricted. Further, unless otherwise specified, anystep in a method or function of a system may take place in any relativeorder in relation to any other step described herein.

We claim:
 1. A surgical cannula comprising: a seal structure includingat least one valve, the valve being a one-way check valve configured toopen in response to pressure applied onto the valve from one directionbut not from an opposite direction; and a continuous unitary piece ofmaterial forming a cannula body, including: an insertion portion havinga distal opening that is configured to be inserted into tissue, and areceiving portion that includes a proximal opening and is configured toreversibly receive the seal structure; the cannula body defining alongitudinal axis extending from the proximal opening to the distalopening; wherein the seal structure is configured to removably associatewith the proximal opening of the cannula body; and wherein the sealstructure is configured to retain a positive pressure within the cannulabody when engaged with the cannula body, and the seal structure isconfigured to retain a positive pressure within the cannula body when anobject is inserted through the cannula and the seal structure; thecannula further including one or more suture attachment structuresextending outward laterally from the cannula body; and the cannulafurther including one or more internal recesses in an inner wall of thecannula located directly adjacent to the one or more suture attachmentstructures, and extending substantially radially outward from thelongitudinal axis into the inner wall of the cannula.
 2. The surgicalcannula of claim 1, wherein: the seal structure includes a housingcover; and the housing cover includes notches on an upper surface thatare configured to receive latch structures that extend from the cannulabody and reversibly hold the seal structure engaged with the cannulabody.
 3. The surgical cannula of claim 1, wherein: the cannula bodyincludes threads on an exterior surface thereof; the cannula bodyincludes a retaining protrusion that extends outward laterally from thereceiving portion; and the seal structure includes a cutout configuredto engage with the retaining protrusion so as to keep the seal structureremovably engaged with the receiving portion.
 4. The surgical cannula ofclaim 1, wherein: the cannula body includes a retaining lip adjacent tothe proximal opening that extends outward laterally from the receivingportion; and the seal structure is configured to engage with theretaining lip so as to cover the proximal opening.
 5. The surgicalcannula of claim 1, wherein: the cannula body includes a first retaininglip located adjacent to the proximal opening and extending outwardlaterally from the receiving portion, a second retaining lip locatedcloser to the distal opening than the first retaining lip and alsoextending outward laterally from the receiving portion, and a retaininggroove located between the first retaining lip and the second retaininglip; and the seal structure includes a retaining hook structureextending laterally inward from a sidewall of the seal structure, theretaining hook structure being configured to reversibly engage with theretaining groove on the cannula body.
 6. The surgical cannula of claim1, wherein: the seal structure includes a top surface, the top surfacehaving a through-hole therein with a first diameter; the seal structureincludes a cavity defined by the top surface, a cavity sidewall, and alower surface; the valve in the seal structure is disposed on the lowersurface of the cavity, located on an opposite side of the cavity as thethrough-hole on the top surface; wherein the valve has a seconddiameter, the second diameter being greater than the first diameter ofthe through-hole; and the seal structure, the top surface, the sidewall,the lower surface, and the valve are all a continuous piece of a singlematerial.
 7. The surgical cannula of claim 1, wherein: the cannula bodyis substantially rigid and formed, at least in part, of a materialselected from the group consisting of polycarbonate and polypropylene;and the insertion portion of the cannula body has a first gauge, thereceiving portion of the cannula body has a second gauge, and the secondgauge is larger than the first gauge.
 8. The surgical cannula of claim7, wherein the cannula body has a transition portion between theinsertion portion and the receiving portion; and wherein the transitionportion has a maximum taper angle that is less than 45 degrees withrespect to the longitudinal axis of the cannula.
 9. The surgical cannulaof claim 1, wherein the valve and the seal structure are all acontinuous unitary piece of an elastomeric material.
 10. The surgicalcannula of claim 1, wherein: the seal structure further includes atether, and a tab portion; the tether including an arm portionconnecting the seal structure to a tether ring, the tether ringsurrounding the cannula body; the tab portion extending laterallyoutward from the seal structure and being configured to be gripped inorder to facilitate removal of the seal structure from the receivingportion of the cannula body; and the seal structure, the tether, and thetab portion are all a continuous unitary piece of an elastomericmaterial.
 11. The surgical cannula of claim 1, wherein the insertionportion of the cannula body has a first width at the distal opening; theinsertion portion having a second width at an end of the insertionportion opposite the distal opening; wherein the second width is largerthan the first width; and wherein the insertion portion graduallynarrows from the second width to the first width.
 12. A method ofperforming an arthroscopic surgery, comprising: inserting the surgicalcannula according to claim 1 into an incision in the skin of a patientproviding access to a surgical site; delivering an implant through thecannula to the surgical site; and securing the implant to tissue at thesurgical site.
 13. A surgical cannula comprising: a seal structureincluding a first valve and a second valve; and a cannula body,including: an insertion portion that includes a distal opening and isconfigured to be inserted into tissue, and a receiving portion thatincludes a proximal opening and is configured to reversibly receive theseal structure; wherein the seal structure reversibly covers theproximal opening of the cannula body; wherein the seal structure isconfigured to retain a positive pressure within the cannula body when anobject is inserted through the cannula.
 14. The surgical cannula ofclaim 13, wherein the first valve is a through-hole.
 15. The surgicalcannula of claim 14, wherein the through-hole has a smaller diameterthan an obturator instrument to be inserted through the cannula.
 16. Thesurgical cannula of claim 14, wherein the second valve is a duckbillvalve.
 17. The surgical cannula of claim 13, wherein: the cannula bodyfurther includes one or more suture attachment structures configured tohold a suture so as to anchor the cannula to tissue into which theinsertion portion has been inserted; and the insertion portion of thecannula body is generally cylindrical, and the insertion portionincludes threads on an exterior surface thereof.
 18. The surgicalcannula of claim 13, wherein the cannula body further includes sutureattachment structures; and the suture attachment structures comprise twolatch wings, the two latch wings each extending outward from thereceiving portion and including a latch structure at one end configuredto latch onto a latch receiving structure on the seal structure.
 19. Thesurgical cannula of claim 13, wherein: the cannula body further includesone or more suture attachment structures; and each suture attachmentstructure comprises a flange extending outward laterally from thecannula body, the flange including an eyelet hole.
 20. The surgicalcannula of claim 13, wherein the seal structure, the first valve, andthe second valve are a continuous unitary piece of material.